During the fresh-vegetable season, from my family of four, I’ve been putting about 14pounds of kitchen materials a week on my compost pile. Most kitchen scraps may be used, too, except for animal fat, bones and milk products. You can hasten the decomposition if you turn the pile every few weeks. If you don’tchoose to turn it or can’t, don’t worry — it will still decompose. It will take longer, butwhat’s time to compost? On top of this, spread one cup of complete garden fertilizer or a couple of shovelfuls ofmanure. You can also add a light layer of soil. The best activator for compost is oldcompost. Normally, five to eight months will be required to finish compost, depending on thematerial used and the heat and moisture available during the composting period. Fall is a great time for composting because of the abundance of leaves to add to the pile. Compost is ready for use when the material turns dark and becomes crumbly. Finishedcompost will have lost much of its original identity and will have an “earthy” smell. These include coffee and tea grounds, eggshells, peelings of vegetables and fruits, canningby-products such as tomato peels, apple peelings and cores and corn husks. Kitchen Compostables Continue to alternate layers. As each is complete, water it thoroughly. Keep the pile moist,but not soggy. If you don’t want to use anything at all, just pile up the composting material. That willwork, too. Just think how much each family is putting into the landfill from the kitchen. Thesematerials are completely degradable in the compost pile within four to six weeks. The size will vary with the amount of material, but any size smaller than 3 feet wide by 3feet high isn’t recommended. It’s too small to heat up and decompose the materialproperly. What to Compost When those beautiful autumn leaves have blown from the trees and become unsightlybrown masses in your lawn, don’t fret and don’t burn. Simply build a pile and recycle theleaves through the composting process. When you clean up the garden, yard, flower beds or other outside areas, don’t forget thatalmost all of this plant material, too, can be added to the compost pile. I just dig a small hole in the compost pile, place the materials four to five inches deep andcover them with leaves, grass clippings or other plant materials. Then I continue thatprocess clockwise around the pile. To learn more about composting, contact your county extension agent. Containing the Pile Some type of enclosure to contain the material is best. But the sides of the bin shouldallow free air movement into the material. The best bin material is probably2-inch-by-4-inch dog fencing 3 feet high. Good compost is especially useful for improving soils that are low in organic matter.Although it does add some nutrients, the main benefit of compost is improving the soil’sphysical condition. Building the Pile Using Compost Almost all organic material may be used: sod, grass clippings, leaves, hay, straw, someweeds, chopped corn cobs, corn stalks, sawdust, newspapers, etc. Avoid weeds and grassplants that have developed seed heads. For ease of handling, it’s best, too, not to go over 5 feet by 5 feet by 5 feet. Size of Compost Pile Simple rules to follow in composting: Apply the compost to garden soil at the rate of four bushels per 100 square feet. You don’t have to build the pile all at once. Begin by spreading an 8- to 12-inch layer oforganic material over the area.
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